Victor Hugo

French novelist, poet, playwright, and politician (1802–1885)

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About

Victor Hugo, a major figure of French Romanticism, was born in Besançon in 1802. His childhood was marked by travels due to his father's military career. He published his first poetry collection in 1822 and established himself as a leader of Romanticism with the preface to Cromwell (1827) and the Battle of Hernani (1830). His novels, including Notre-Dame de Paris (1831) and Les Misérables (1862), achieved international success. Opposed to Napoleon III, he lived in exile from 1851 to 1870, during which he wrote major works such as Les Contemplations. He was also a prolific artist, producing over 4,000 drawings. He died in 1885 and received a national funeral.

* 1802-02-26 — † 1885-05-22

Major works

  • Notre-Dame de Paris (1831)novel
  • Les Misérables (1862)novel
  • Les Contemplations (1856)poetry
  • Hernani (1830)play
  • La Légende des siècles (1859)poetry

Key milestones

  • 1830The Battle of Hernani secures Romanticism's victory over Classicism in the theatre.
  • 1851Goes into exile for his republican opposition to Napoleon III, until 1870.
  • 1885National funeral; his remains are placed in the Panthéon.

Themes

Social justiceExile and freedomLove and mourningHistory and politicsThe people and poverty

Sources: britannica.com · maisonsvictorhugo.paris.fr

Reading guide

Which book should you read to discover Victor Hugo?

Hugo offers several entry points. The best choice depends on what you want: an epic novel, medieval Paris, or intimate poetry.

Our starting point

Discovering Hugo's full epic and humanist range

Les Misérables

His great novel brings together the questions of justice, poverty, forgiveness, and commitment that run through his work.

Level
Intermediate
Reading time
25–35 hours
Formats to compare
Print · Ebook · Audio

A more compact historical novel

The Hunchback of Notre-Dame

A powerful tale where the city, architecture, and individual fates become characters in the same story.

Level
Intermediate
Reading time
12–16 hours
Formats to compare
Print · Ebook · Audio

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