Marcus Aurelius

Roman Emperor and Stoic philosopher, 121–180 CE

57 quotes in the MindQuotes library.

About

Marcus Aurelius, born in Rome in 121, was adopted by Emperor Antoninus Pius and reigned from 161 to 180. His reign was marked by incessant wars, notably against the Parthians and Germanic tribes, as well as the Antonine Plague. He is the author of Meditations, a philosophical journal in Greek, which expounds his practice of Stoicism. Considered the last of the Five Good Emperors, he embodies the ideal of the philosopher-king.

Major works

  • Meditations (c. 170–180)philosophical journal

Key milestones

  • 138Adopted by Antoninus Pius, becoming heir to the imperial throne.
  • 161Becomes emperor, ruling jointly with Lucius Verus.
  • 180Dies near Vindobona (modern Vienna) or Sirmium, at age 58.

Themes

StoicismSelf-masteryReasonImpermanenceDuty

Sources: plato.stanford.edu · iep.utm.edu · hup.harvard.edu

Reading guide

Which book should you read to discover Marcus Aurelius?

To enter Marcus Aurelius's Stoicism, choose an annotated edition: his notes were never meant to be a continuous treatise.

Our starting point

Discovering Stoicism through short reflections

Meditations

The most direct way to encounter the themes behind the quotes: attention, duty, and control over what depends on us.

Level
Intermediate
Reading time
4–6 hours, best read slowly
Formats to compare
Print · Ebook · Audio

Understanding historical context and references

Meditations — annotated edition

Notes illuminate the allusions and keep Stoicism from being reduced to a few self-help slogans.

Level
Intermediate
Reading time
6–8 hours
Formats to compare
Print · Ebook

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