Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

German poet, playwright, novelist, statesman, and scientist, central figure of Weimar Classicism (1749-1832)

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About

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was born in Frankfurt am Main in 1749. After studying law in Leipzig and Strasbourg, he became a leading figure of the Sturm und Drang movement with his epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774). Invited to Weimar in 1775 by Duke Karl August, he held political offices and directed the court theatre. His vast oeuvre includes the drama Faust, novels such as Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship and Elective Affinities, as well as poetry and scientific treatises. He died in Weimar in 1832, leaving a lasting impact on Western literature and thought.

Major works

  • Die Leiden des jungen Werthers (1774)novel
  • Faust. Eine Tragödie (1808)play
  • Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre (1795-1796)novel
  • Die Wahlverwandtschaften (1809)novel
  • Zur Farbenlehre (1810)scientific treatise

Key milestones

  • 1775Arrival in Weimar at the invitation of Duke Karl August, beginning a political and cultural career.
  • 1782Ennobled, adding 'von' to his name.
  • 1818Elected member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina for his scientific contributions.

Themes

The search for meaning and the humaNature and scienceLove and passionThe role of the artist in societyClassicism and humanism

Sources: leopoldina.org · frankfurter-goethe-haus.de

Reading guide

Which book should you read to discover Johann Wolfgang von Goethe?

Goethe is vast; starting with a narrative text helps you enter his language before approaching his more philosophical works.

Our starting point

An intense, relatively short novelistic entry point

The Sorrows of Young Werther

This novel immediately shows the sensibility and Romantic force that made Goethe a central figure in European literature.

Level
Accessible
Reading time
4–6 hours
Formats to compare
Print · Ebook · Audio

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“Nine keys to contentment Health enough to make work a pleasure. Wealth enough to support your needs. Strength enough to battle with difficulties and overcome them. Grace enough to confess your sins and forsake them. Patience enough to toil until some good is accomplished. Charity enough to see some good in your neighbors. Love enough to move you to be useful and helpful to others. Faith enough to make real things of God. Hope enough to remove all anxious fears concerning the future.”
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